06-28-2021
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#6 |
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رد: Juristic Rulings Relevant to Purification, Prayer, and Funerals Wiping over Leather Socks
The term "leather socks" refers to footwear made of leather or similar material, while [regular] socks is footwear made of cotton or similar material.
Ruling on wiping over leather socks and [regular] socks:
Wiping over them is an act of Sunnah practiced by the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). So, if someone is wearing them, it is better to wipe over them than to take them off to wash the feet.
Proof of this is the following report by Al-Mughؤ«rah ibn Shu‘bah (may Allah be pleased with him): “The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was performing ablution so I bent down to take his leather socks off but he said: ‘Leave them for I have put them on after performing ablution,’ and he wiped over them.”
The legitimacy of wiping over the leather socks is established in the Qur’an and Sunnah of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him).
Proof from the Qur’an is in the saying of Allah Almighty: {O you who believe, when you rise to perform prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles} [Al-Mؤپ’idah: 6]Allah’s saying: {your feet} is read with a difference in diacritical marks in two authentic modes of recitation both ascribed to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). The first: using "your feet" in conjunction with "your faces" that precedes it, in which case it means the feet are to be washed just like the faces.The second: "your feet" is in conjunction with "your heads", in which case the feet are to be wiped over.What determines that the feet may be washed or wiped over is the practice of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). He used to wash his feet if they were uncovered and wipe over them if they were covered with leather socks.As for the proof from the Sunnah, there are successively transmitted reports from the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) in this regard. Imؤپm Ahmad (may Allah have mercy upon him) said: “I have no doubts in my heart about wiping (over the leather socks).”There are 40 hadiths reported from the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions relevant to wiping. In poetry, a poet composed the following verses (translated):
Among the successively-transmitted hadiths are “whoever lies” *** and “whoever builds a house for Allah while awaiting the reward”
and seeing Allah, the intercession, the fountain *** and wiping over the leather socks among others
Conditions for wiping over leather socks:
There are four conditions for wiping over the leather socks:
First condition: One must wear them while in a state of ritual purity (i.e. after performing ablution or ritual bath), based on the reply of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) to Al-Mughؤ«rah ibn Shu‘bah: “Leave them for I have put them on after performing ablution.”
Second condition: the leather or regular socks themselves must be pure/clean. If they are impure, it is impermissible to wipe over them. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) led his Companions one day in prayer while wearing sandals but he took them off during prayer.He said that [Archangel] Gabriel told him the sandals had filth on them. This proves that it is impermissible to pray wearing something stained with impurity. Also, if something impure is wiped with water, the wiping medium will be contaminated with the impurity and will not be valid as a purifier.Third condition: they are to be wiped over when one is in a state of minor ritual impurity, not major ritual impurity which requires a ritual bath.The proof is the following hadith of Safwؤپn ibn ‘Assؤپl (may Allah be pleased with him): “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) instructed us that during travel, we need not take off our leather socks for up to three days and nights except in case of major ritual impurity, but not after defecating, urinating, or sleeping.”According to this hadith, wiping over the leather socks must be in the case of minor, not major, impurity.Fourth condition: wiping is to be done within the legislated period, which is a single day and night for a resident and three days with their nights for a traveler.The proof is the following hadith of ‘Ali ibn Abi Tؤپlib (may Allah be pleased with him): “The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) fixed the period of wiping over the leather socks to be three days and nights for the traveler and one day and night for the resident.” [Narrated by Muslim]This period begins at the first incident of wiping after incurring a minor impurity and expires after 24 hours for a resident and 72 hours for a traveler. For example, if a person purified himself for the Fajr prayer on Tuesday morning and retained his purification until he prayed ‘Ishؤپ’ at night then he slept then woke up for the Fajr prayer on Wednesday morning and wiped over the leather socks at 5 a.m.,his wiping-over-the-socks period begins at 5 a.m. on Wednesday and ends at 5 a.m. on Thursday.So if he wiped over the leather socks on Thursday before 5 a.m., he may perform the Fajr prayer of Thursday and any other prayers he wishes to perform as long as he retains his purification,because his ablution is not invalidated by the expiry of the period allowed for wiping according to the preponderant view of scholars.This is because the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) did not assign a time limit for the state of purification; rather, he assigned a time limit for wiping over the socks. Once that limit is reached, wiping may not be done; but if one is still in a state of purification, then his purification is intact,because it is a purification which is established by a valid proof (from Shariah) and it cannot be repudiated except by another valid proof.In addition, there is no proof that ablution is invalidated upon the expiration of the wiping period. The principle ruling dictates that a state remains intact until it is clearly invalidated.
These are the conditions for wiping over the leather socks. There are other conditions that some scholars mentioned but some of them are debatable. |
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