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رد: Juristic Rulings Relevant to Purification, Prayer, and Funerals * Rulings pertaining to the Prostration of Forgetfulness
There are three reasons for making the prostration of forgetfulness: addition, omission, and doubt.
Addition: it is to add to the prayer. For example, that someone adds one bowing thus making two bowings in a single Rak‘ah, or adds one prostration thus making three prostrations in a single Rak‘ah, or stands up for a fifth Rak‘ah in a four-Rak‘ah prayer then remembers and sits down again. If this is the reason for performing the prostration of forgetfulness, then it is to be done after Taslؤ«m.In other words, you recite Tashahhud then make Taslؤ«m then you perform two prostrations and then Taslؤ«m again;This was what the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) did when he prayed five Rak‘ahs and they [the Companions] reminded him after he made Taslؤ«m, so he prostrated [for forgetfulness] after Taslؤ«m.It cannot be said that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) prostrated after Taslؤ«m only because he did not know about the addition except after Taslؤ«m.Though this was the case, we say: had the ruling been different from his action, he would have instructed them to make the prostration of forgetfulness before Taslؤ«m if they realized the addition before making Taslؤ«m. However, since he approved the action as it was, it becomes known that the prostration of forgetfulness due to addition is to be done after Taslؤ«m.As proof of this, when the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was reminded that he prayed two Rak‘ahs only for the Zhuhr or ‘Asr prayer, he completed the remaining two Rak‘ahs and made Taslؤ«m then he made the two prostrations of forgetfulness then made Taslؤ«m again, because making a mistimed Taslؤ«m during prayer is considered an addition, so he made the prostration of forgetfulness for it after Taslؤ«m.Just as this conclusion is entailed by the Prophetic reports, it is also entailed by reason. If one were to make the prostrations of forgetfulness before Taslؤ«m in case of an addition in prayer, this would result in two additions in prayer; and if one were to make the prostrations of forgetfulness after Taslؤ«m, this would result in only a single addition that happened out of forgetfulness.Omission: the prostration for this type is made before Taslؤ«m; for example, if one forgets to sit for the first Tashahhud or forgets to say “Subhؤپna rabbi al-A‘la” while prostrating or “Subhؤپna rabbi al-Azeem” while bowing. In this case, prostration of forgetfulness is to be made before Taslؤ«m,because there was an omission of one of the obligatory acts, thus requiring a prostration of forgetfulness before Taslؤ«m to make up for the omission before the conclusion of prayer.
The proof is in the hadith of ‘Abdullah ibn Buhaynah who reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) led them in Zhuhr prayer and stood up after the second Rak‘ah without sitting [for Tashahhud]. Before he concluded the prayer, while the people waited for him to do the Taslؤ«m, he made two prostrations and followed them with Taslؤ«m.
Doubt: whether there was an addition or omission:
If one doubts whether he prayed three or four Rak‘ahs, then there are two possible cases:
The first case is that he is more inclined to either the addition or the omission, in which case he should follow his predominant inclination and do the prostration of forgetfulness after Taslؤ«m,as evidenced by the hadith of Ibn Mas‘إ«d (may Allah be pleased with him) that reads: “If anyone of you is doubtful about his prayer, he should estimate what is most likely to be correct and complete his prayer accordingly, then make Taslؤ«m then offer two prostrations.”This is what the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said or something along those lines.
The second case is if one doubts whether he made an addition or an omission without inclining more to either of them. In this case, he should follow the safer option, which is the lesser number of Rak‘ahs and complete the prayer accordingly then offer the two prostrations of forgetfulness before Taslؤ«m; this is the reported practice of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him).
Rulings pertaining to the Prostration of Forgetfulness:
1- If one does Taslؤ«m intentionally before the completion of prayer, his prayer is invalid.
2- If one intentionally added in his prayer the action of standing, sitting, bowing, or prostration, his prayer is invalid.
3- If one leaves out a pillar of the prayer; if it is the Opening Takbؤ«r, then his prayer is annulled whether he left it out intentionally or forgetfully, because his prayer has not validly started in the first place. But if the missed pillar is other than the Opening Takbؤ«r, the prayer is invalid if it was left out intentionally.
4- If one omits an obligatory act of the prayer intentionally, his prayer is invalid.
5- If the prostration of forgetfulness is offered after Taslؤ«m, then Taslؤ«m must be done again after the prostration. |