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رد: Juristic Rulings Relevant to Purification, Prayer, and Funerals Voluntary Prayer
Its merit: one of the aspects of Allah’s mercy upon His servants is that He made a voluntary act for each type of the obligatory acts, such as the voluntary prayer which is similar to the obligatory prayer.Likewise, Zakah has a voluntary form called charity, and fasting has a voluntary form that is similar to it.Even Hajj has a voluntary form. Such is an aspect of Allah’s mercy upon his servants. The purpose is to increase the reward and nearness to Allah Almighty, in addition to making up for the shortcomings committed in the obligatory acts, because voluntary acts complement the obligatory ones on the Day of Judgment.
Likewise, Zakah has a voluntary form called charity, and fasting has a voluntary form that is similar to it.
Even Hajj has a voluntary form. Such is an aspect of Allah’s mercy upon his servants. The purpose is to increase the reward and nearness to Allah Almighty, in addition to making up for the shortcomings committed in the obligatory acts, because voluntary acts complement the obligatory ones on the Day of Judgment. Some forms of voluntary prayers:
1- The regular supererogatory prayers affiliated to the obligatory ones. They are:
Four Rak‘ahs before Zhuhr prayer with two Taslؤ«ms [i.e. two then two], and their time is at the start of the due time of Zhuhr; and two Rak‘ahs after Zhuhr, thus totaling six supererogatory Rak‘ahs for Zhuhr. ‘Asr, however, has no supererogatory prayer affiliated to it.And two Rak‘ahs after Maghrib, two after ‘Ishؤپ’, and two before Fajr. With regard to the two Rak‘ahs before Fajr, it is better to make them short and recite therein the chapter of Al-Kؤپfirإ«n in the first Rak‘ahand the chapter of Al-Ikhlؤپs in the second Rak‘ah.Also, one may recite the verse: {Say, O believers, “We have believed in Allah and what has been revealed to us...} in the chapter of Al-Baqarah [2: 136] in the first Rak‘ah and the verse: {Say, "O People of the Scripture, come to a common term between us and you...} in the chapter of ؤ€l-‘Imrؤپn [3: 64] in the second Rak‘ah.The regular supererogatory prayer of Fajr is to be observed during both residence and traveling. It involves great merit, regarding which the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The two Rak‘ahs of Fajr are better than the world and what is in it.”
And two Rak‘ahs after Maghrib, two after ‘Ishؤپ’, and two before Fajr. With regard to the two Rak‘ahs before Fajr, it is better to make them short and recite therein the chapter of Al-Kؤپfirإ«n in the first Rak‘ah
and the chapter of Al-Ikhlؤپs in the second Rak‘ah.
Also, one may recite the verse: {Say, O believers, “We have believed in Allah and what has been revealed to us...} in the chapter of Al-Baqarah [2: 136] in the first Rak‘ah and the verse: {Say, "O People of the Scripture, come to a common term between us and you...} in the chapter of ؤ€l-‘Imrؤپn [3: 64] in the second Rak‘ah.
The regular supererogatory prayer of Fajr is to be observed during both residence and traveling. It involves great merit, regarding which the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The two Rak‘ahs of Fajr are better than the world and what is in it.”
2- Witr prayer:
It is one of the most emphasized supererogatory prayers to the extent that some scholars deemed it obligatory.Imؤپm Ahmad (may Allah have mercy upon him) said about the Witr prayer: “Anyone who abandons the Witr prayer is a wicked person whose testimony should not be accepted.”Witr concludes the night prayer, so if one fears oversleeping and missing the night prayer, he offers Witr before sleeping. But if he feels he can wake up in the last part of the night, he offers Witr at the end of the night after offering his voluntary night prayer.The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Make the Witr the last of your prayer at night.”The minimum number is a single Rak‘ah and the maximum is eleven. Offering three Rak‘ahs is the minimum perfection of Witr. In doing so, he has the choice either to pray the three Rak‘ahs as one unit ending with one Tashahhud or make Taslؤ«m after two Rak‘ahs then conclude with a single Rak‘ah.If one forgot the Witr or overslept, he makes up for it during the day with an even, not odd, number of Rak‘ahs. If he is used to pray Witr as three Rak‘ahs, he makes up for it with four; and if he is used to pray Witr as five Rak‘ahs, he makes up for it with six, and so on,because it is authentically reported in the Sahih collection: “The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) would pray twelve Rak‘ahs during the day if sleep or pain prevented him from offering the night prayer.”
Imؤپm Ahmad (may Allah have mercy upon him) said about the Witr prayer: “Anyone who abandons the Witr prayer is a wicked person whose testimony should not be accepted.”
Witr concludes the night prayer, so if one fears oversleeping and missing the night prayer, he offers Witr before sleeping. But if he feels he can wake up in the last part of the night, he offers Witr at the end of the night after offering his voluntary night prayer.
The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Make the Witr the last of your prayer at night.”
The minimum number is a single Rak‘ah and the maximum is eleven. Offering three Rak‘ahs is the minimum perfection of Witr. In doing so, he has the choice either to pray the three Rak‘ahs as one unit ending with one Tashahhud or make Taslؤ«m after two Rak‘ahs then conclude with a single Rak‘ah.
If one forgot the Witr or overslept, he makes up for it during the day with an even, not odd, number of Rak‘ahs. If he is used to pray Witr as three Rak‘ahs, he makes up for it with four; and if he is used to pray Witr as five Rak‘ahs, he makes up for it with six, and so on,
because it is authentically reported in the Sahih collection: “The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) would pray twelve Rak‘ahs during the day if sleep or pain prevented him from offering the night prayer.”
3- Duha (Forenoon) prayer.
The minimum number is two Rak‘ahs without a maximum, because the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to offer four Rak‘ahs for the Duha prayer and adds as many as he could.
Its prescribed time starts when the sun has risen by the length of a spear; i.e. approx. fifteen minutes after sunrise, until shortly before the sun reaches its zenith, which is about ten minutes or so before it reaches its zenith.
The proof of its legitimacy is the following report by Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him):
“My close friend [meaning the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)] advised me to do three things: fast three days of every month, perform the two Rak‘ahs of Duha (forenoon prayer), and perform the Witr prayer before I go to sleep.”
Also, Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said:
“Every morning, charity is due on every joint in the body of each of you. Every utterance of Allah’s exaltation (saying subhؤپnallah) is an act of charity, and every utterance of praising Him (saying Al-hamdulillah) is an act of charity, and every utterance of profession of Faith (saying La ilaha illa Allah) is an act of charity, and every utterance of Allah’s glorification (saying Allahu Akbar) is an act of charity; and enjoining good is an act of charity, and forbidding evil is an act of charity; and a two-Rak‘ah prayer which one offers in the forenoon (Duha) suffices for all this.” |