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رد: Juristic Rulings Relevant to Purification, Prayer, and Funerals Ruling on the person who abandons prayer
Question:What should a man do if he instructs his family to pray yet they do not listen to him? Should he continue living and mixing with them or move out of the house?The answer:If this family never offers the obligatory prayers, they are disbelievers and apostates who are outside the fold of Islam. It is impermissible for him to live with them, yet he must continue to preach to them and insist on it, perhaps Allah guides them,because the person who abandons prayer is a disbeliever; we seek refuge in Allah from that. The proof is taken from the Qur’an, the Sunnah, the statements of the Companions, and sound reasoning. This entails caution against this abominable deed.The proof from the Qur’an is Allah’s saying about the polytheists:{But if they repent, establish prayer, and give Zakah, then they are your brothers in religion} [Al-Tawbah: 11]The implied meaning the verse suggests is that were they to refrain from doing such deeds, they are not our brothers. Notably, however, religious brotherhood is not negated by sins, even if they are major, but, rather, by leaving the fold of Islam.The proof form the Sunnah is the Hadith narrated by Muslim on the authority of Jؤپbir (may Allah be pleased with him) where the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said:“What stands between a man and polytheism and disbelief is abandonment of prayer.”And his saying in the Hadith reported by Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) in the Sunan (Compilations of Prophetic Hadith):“The covenant between us and them is the prayer; so whoever abandons it has disbelieved.”An example of the statements of the Companions in this regard is the saying of the Commander of the Believers, ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him):“There is no share in Islam for whoever abandons prayer.”The word 'share' is indefinite in a negative context, thus rendering its meaning inclusive to any type of share, small or big.Abdullah ibn Shaqؤ«q said:“The Companions of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) did not consider the abandonment of any deed as disbelief except for prayer.”
What should a man do if he instructs his family to pray yet they do not listen to him? Should he continue living and mixing with them or move out of the house?
The answer:
If this family never offers the obligatory prayers, they are disbelievers and apostates who are outside the fold of Islam. It is impermissible for him to live with them, yet he must continue to preach to them and insist on it, perhaps Allah guides them,
because the person who abandons prayer is a disbeliever; we seek refuge in Allah from that. The proof is taken from the Qur’an, the Sunnah, the statements of the Companions, and sound reasoning. This entails caution against this abominable deed.
The proof from the Qur’an is Allah’s saying about the polytheists:
{But if they repent, establish prayer, and give Zakah, then they are your brothers in religion} [Al-Tawbah: 11]
The implied meaning the verse suggests is that were they to refrain from doing such deeds, they are not our brothers. Notably, however, religious brotherhood is not negated by sins, even if they are major, but, rather, by leaving the fold of Islam.
The proof form the Sunnah is the Hadith narrated by Muslim on the authority of Jؤپbir (may Allah be pleased with him) where the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said:
“What stands between a man and polytheism and disbelief is abandonment of prayer.”
And his saying in the Hadith reported by Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) in the Sunan (Compilations of Prophetic Hadith):
“The covenant between us and them is the prayer; so whoever abandons it has disbelieved.”
An example of the statements of the Companions in this regard is the saying of the Commander of the Believers, ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him):
“There is no share in Islam for whoever abandons prayer.”
The word 'share' is indefinite in a negative context, thus rendering its meaning inclusive to any type of share, small or big.
Abdullah ibn Shaqؤ«q said:
“The Companions of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) did not consider the abandonment of any deed as disbelief except for prayer.”
As for sound reasoning, one may say: is it plausible that a person who has a grain of faith in his heart, who knows the great status of prayer and the care that Allah gave it, then he insists on abandoning it altogether? This is impossible.
I have contemplated the evidence cited by those who hold that such a person is not ruled to be a disbeliever. All of them involve one of the following five possibilities:
1) They are devoid of any proof to begin with;
2) or they are restricted with a description that makes abandonment of prayer inconceivable;
3) or restricted to a situation in which abandoning a specific prayer is excusable;
4) or they are general, which requires their specification with the Hadiths stating that the one who abandons prayer is a disbeliever;
5) or they are weak and are outweighed by the authentic Hadiths.
None of the available texts state that the prayer abandoner is a believer, or that he will be admitted to Paradise and saved from the Hellfire. Nor do they have any indication that requires interpreting the disbelief of the prayer abandoner as a rejection of Allah’s graces or a minor disbelief.
If it is clear that the prayer abandoner is a disbeliever in a way that makes him an apostate, this results in applying the rulings of apostates to him, such as:
First: he cannot be married to a Muslim woman. In the instance of concluding a marriage contract with him while he abandons prayer, this marriage is invalid and the wife is not lawful for him, based on Allah’s saying about the female migrants:{And if you know them to be believers, then do not return them to the disbelievers; they are not lawful wives for them, nor are they lawful husbands for them.} [Al-Mumtahanah: 10]
{And if you know them to be believers, then do not return them to the disbelievers; they are not lawful wives for them, nor are they lawful husbands for them.} [Al-Mumtahanah: 10]
Second: If the prayer abandoner neglected prayer after the marriage contract has already been concluded, then the marriage is to be annulled and the wife becomes unlawful for him, based on the verse mentioned above and according to the detailed ruling known among scholars as to whether this took place before or after consummation of the marriage.
Third: if this person who abandons prayer slaughtered an animal, it is not to be eaten [by Muslims]; but why?Because it is unlawful, whereas if a Jew or a Christian slaughtered an animal, it is permissible for us to eat from it. Hence, his slaughtering is more evil than that of the Jew and the Christian; we seek refuge in Allah from such consequence.Fourth: He is forbidden from entering Makkah or the borders of its sanctuary, based on the saying of Allah Almighty:{O you who believe, indeed the polytheists are unclean, so let them not approach the Sacred Mosque after this year of theirs} [Al-Tawbah: 28]Fifth: he does not retain any right of inheritance if one of his [Muslim] relatives died. For instance, if a man who prays died while having a son who does not pray and a distant paternal cousin; who inherits from that man?The distant paternal cousin and not his son, based on the saying of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) as reported by Usamah:“A Muslim does not inherit from a disbeliever and a disbeliever does not inherit from a Muslim.” [Al-Bukhؤپri and Muslim]He also said: “Give the prescribed shares of inheritance to their rightful beneficiaries, and whatever remains after that should be given to the closest male relative.” [Al-Bukhؤپri and Muslim]This is an example that applies to all heirs.Sixth: if that person dies, he is not to be washed, shrouded, offered the funeral prayer over, nor buried in the Muslim graveyard. So, what should we do with him?We take him out to the desert, dig a hole there, and bury him in his clothes because he has no sanctity. Accordingly, anyone with a deceased relative who abandoned prayer should not bring him to Muslims to offer the funeral prayer over him.Seventh: he will be gathered on the Day of Judgment with the heads of disbelief such as Pharaoh, Haman, Korah, and Ubayy ibn Khalaf; we seek refuge in Allah from such company. He will not be admitted to Paradise and none of his relatives is permitted to invoke Allah’s mercy and forgiveness for him, because he is a disbeliever and unworthy of this invocation,based on the saying of Allah Almighty: {It is not for the Prophet and those who believe to ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they were relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are companions of the Hellfire.} [Al-Tawbah: 113]
Because it is unlawful, whereas if a Jew or a Christian slaughtered an animal, it is permissible for us to eat from it. Hence, his slaughtering is more evil than that of the Jew and the Christian; we seek refuge in Allah from such consequence.
Fourth: He is forbidden from entering Makkah or the borders of its sanctuary, based on the saying of Allah Almighty:
{O you who believe, indeed the polytheists are unclean, so let them not approach the Sacred Mosque after this year of theirs} [Al-Tawbah: 28]
Fifth: he does not retain any right of inheritance if one of his [Muslim] relatives died. For instance, if a man who prays died while having a son who does not pray and a distant paternal cousin; who inherits from that man?
The distant paternal cousin and not his son, based on the saying of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) as reported by Usamah:
“A Muslim does not inherit from a disbeliever and a disbeliever does not inherit from a Muslim.” [Al-Bukhؤپri and Muslim]
He also said: “Give the prescribed shares of inheritance to their rightful beneficiaries, and whatever remains after that should be given to the closest male relative.” [Al-Bukhؤپri and Muslim]
This is an example that applies to all heirs.
Sixth: if that person dies, he is not to be washed, shrouded, offered the funeral prayer over, nor buried in the Muslim graveyard. So, what should we do with him?
We take him out to the desert, dig a hole there, and bury him in his clothes because he has no sanctity. Accordingly, anyone with a deceased relative who abandoned prayer should not bring him to Muslims to offer the funeral prayer over him.
Seventh: he will be gathered on the Day of Judgment with the heads of disbelief such as Pharaoh, Haman, Korah, and Ubayy ibn Khalaf; we seek refuge in Allah from such company. He will not be admitted to Paradise and none of his relatives is permitted to invoke Allah’s mercy and forgiveness for him, because he is a disbeliever and unworthy of this invocation,
based on the saying of Allah Almighty: {It is not for the Prophet and those who believe to ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they were relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are companions of the Hellfire.} [Al-Tawbah: 113]
This issue, my Brothers, is quite serious; yet, unfortunately, some people underestimate the gravity of this situation,
but the door of repentance is open; and all praise is due to Allah.Allah Almighty said: {But there came after them later generations who neglected prayer and pursued desires; so they are going to meet evil, except those who repent, believe and do righteousness; for those will enter Paradise and will not be wronged at all. Therein are gardens of perpetual residence which the Most Merciful has promised His servants in the unseen. Indeed, His promise has ever been eminent. They will not hear therein any ill speech - only greetings of peace - and they will have their provision therein, morning and afternoon.} [Maryam: 59-62]
Allah Almighty said: {But there came after them later generations who neglected prayer and pursued desires; so they are going to meet evil, except those who repent, believe and do righteousness; for those will enter Paradise and will not be wronged at all. Therein are gardens of perpetual residence which the Most Merciful has promised His servants in the unseen. Indeed, His promise has ever been eminent. They will not hear therein any ill speech - only greetings of peace - and they will have their provision therein, morning and afternoon.} [Maryam: 59-62]
We ask Allah Almighty to guide us and our fellow Muslims to obey Him in the manner that pleases Him.
And Allah knows best. May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and all of his Companions.
Muhammad ibn Sؤپlih Al-‘Uthaymؤ«n |